{"id":4227,"date":"2025-08-19T12:50:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T12:50:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/?p=4227"},"modified":"2025-10-23T20:41:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T20:41:39","slug":"sistema-de-politicas-publicas-en-seguridad-y-defensa-nacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/?p=4227","title":{"rendered":"Sistema de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en seguridad y defensa nacional"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Sistema de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en seguridad y defensa nacional<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Universidad Externado de Colombia \u00b7 Departamento de Derecho Constitucional<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Especializaci\u00f3n en Defensa y Seguridad Internacional<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4087\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4087\" style=\"width: 213px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4087\" src=\"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0c877adf-944b-4233-b586-a7cfb961f6fc-213x300.jpg\" alt=\"Especializaci\u00f3n en Defensa y Seguridad Internacional. Universidad Externado de Colombia. 2025\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0c877adf-944b-4233-b586-a7cfb961f6fc-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0c877adf-944b-4233-b586-a7cfb961f6fc-728x1024.jpg 728w, https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0c877adf-944b-4233-b586-a7cfb961f6fc-768x1080.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0c877adf-944b-4233-b586-a7cfb961f6fc.jpg 910w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4087\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Especializaci\u00f3n en Pol\u00edtica de Defensa y Seguridad Internacional, departamento de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad Externado de Colombia. 2025<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">La asignatura <strong>Sistema de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en seguridad y defensa nacional<\/strong> tiene como objeto estudiar la naturaleza, estructura y dimensiones de la seguridad y defensa nacional con el prop\u00f3sito de formar tomadores de decisiones de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica con \u00e9nfasis en an\u00e1lisis de pol\u00edtica internacional (20 horas).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">El modelo de seguridad y pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas para conversar de manera ordenada es el siguiente:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Sistema-de-politicas-publicas-en-seguridad-y-defensa-nacional.-Jairo-Libreros.-Derecho-Constitucional.-Universidad-Externado-de-Colombia.-2025.pdf\">Sistema de poli\u0301ticas pu\u0301blicas en seguridad y defensa nacional. Jairo Libreros. Derecho Constitucional. Universidad Externado de Colombia. 2025<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Y la hoja de ruta, as\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">I.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Estudios Estrat\u00e9gicos<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">1.<\/span><\/strong> <span dir=\"auto\">Hordas, clanes, tribus, comunidades<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">2.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Historia de la guerra<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">3.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Acceso a territorios, capitales y mercados<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">4.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Armas, informaci\u00f3n e inteligencia artificial -tecnolog\u00eda-<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">5.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Aglomeraciones, movilizaciones y levantamientos<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">II.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Seguridad Ciudadana<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">1.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Seguridad p\u00fablica<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">2.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Percepci\u00f3n de seguridad<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">3.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Convivencia ciudadana<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">4.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Seguridad personal<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">5.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Organismos de seguridad y servicios de polic\u00eda<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">III.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Seguridad Regional<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">1.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Seguridad nacional<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">2.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Inteligencia estrat\u00e9gica<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">3.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Defensa nacional<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">4.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Control del territorio -tierra, mar, aire, espacio, ciberespacio-<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">5.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Fuerzas Militares<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">IV. <\/span><\/strong><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Seguridad Global<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">1.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Paz y seguridad internacional<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">2.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Estabilidad pol\u00edtica de las democracias constitucionales<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">3.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Incertidumbres, riesgos y oportunidades pol\u00edticas<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">4.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Uso internacional de la fuerza<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">5.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> Operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Ciencia y guerra. El pacto oculto entre la astrof\u00edsica y la industria militar. Tyson, N. Paid\u00f3s. 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>Democracia, poderes f\u00e1cticos y reg\u00edmenes de gobernanza criminal. Ley, S. INE. 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00b7<\/span><\/strong> Estrategia<\/span><span dir=\"auto\">. La l\u00f3gica de la guerra y la paz. Luttwak, E. Universidad de Harvard. 2002.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>El poder y la fuerza. La seguridad de la poblaci\u00f3n civil en un mundo global. Kaldor, M. Tusquets. 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>Humanidad e inhumanidad. Una historia moral del siglo XX -El combate cuerpo a cuerpo-, Glover, J. C\u00e1tedra, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>La cultura del control. Crimen y orden social en la sociedad contempor\u00e1nea. Garland, D. Gedisa. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> La guerra de los chips. La gran lucha por el dominio mundial. Ariel. Molinero, C. 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00b7 <\/strong>Las guerras del siglo XXI. Cece\u00f1a, A. CLACSO. 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Nexus. Una breve historia de la redes de informaci\u00f3n desde la Edad de Piedra hasta la IA. Harari, Y. Debate. 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Por un pedazo de tierra. La nueva geopol\u00edtica basada en las conexiones. Rodr\u00edguez, Y. Deusto. 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00b7<\/span><\/strong> Seguridad democr\u00e1tica para las Am\u00e9ricas. Requisitos de inteligencia. Godson, R. y Vergara, J. Centro Nacional de\u00a0<\/span><span dir=\"auto\">Informaci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica. 2008.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>Violencias que persisten. El escenario tras los acuerdos de paz. Aguilera, M y Perea, C. Universidad del Rosario y Universidad Nacional. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>&#8230; &#8230; &#8230;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Adi\u00f3s a Macondo -2020-. Informe 2021. Corporaci\u00f3n Latinobar\u00f3metro. 2021:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latinobarometro.org\/latContents.jsp\">https:\/\/www.latinobarometro.org\/latContents.jsp<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Dateo mensual. Junio de 2025. FIP. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.ideaspaz.org\/documents\/dateo-nacional-(colombia)-2025_06.pdf\">https:\/\/storage.ideaspaz.org\/documents\/dateo-nacional-(colombia)-2025_06.pdf<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Desaf\u00edos a la seguridad en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Resultados de un sondeo. Aguirre, M. (et al.) FESCOL. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/la-seguridad\/22068.pdf\">https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/la-seguridad\/22068.pdf<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Democracia y seguridad en Am\u00e9rica Latina. \u00bfC\u00f3mo salir del t\u00fanel? Pol\u00edtica Exterior -N\u00fam. 225-. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politicaexterior.com\/articulo\/democracia-y-seguridad-en-america-latina-como-salir-del-tunel\/\">https:\/\/www.politicaexterior.com\/articulo\/democracia-y-seguridad-en-america-latina-como-salir-del-tunel\/<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> El letargo de la paz urbana y la fragilidad de las treguas. FIP. 2024:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.ideaspaz.org\/documents\/fip_pazurbana-1718374796.pdf\">https:\/\/storage.ideaspaz.org\/documents\/fip_pazurbana-1718374796.pdf<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Futuro de las relaciones entre los poderes civil y militar. Informe Especial. Colombia Risk Analysis. 2025:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombiariskanalysis.com\/post\/futuro-de-las-relaciones-entre-los-poderes-civil-y-militar\">https:\/\/www.colombiariskanalysis.com\/post\/futuro-de-las-relaciones-entre-los-poderes-civil-y-militar<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Historia de dos ciudades. Hamill, P. Letras Libres. 1999:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letraslibres.com\/revista\/historia-de-dos-ciudades\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">https:\/\/letraslibres.com\/revista\/historia-de-dos-ciudades\/<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Informe global de riesgos 2024. Foro Econ\u00f3mico Mundial. 2024:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-global-risks-report-2024.-WEF.-2024.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">The global risk report 2024. Foro Econ\u00f3mico Mundial. 2024<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> La evoluci\u00f3n del crimen organizado en Am\u00e9rica Latina. Dammert, L. y Samp\u00f3, C. FESCOL. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/la-seguridad\/21834.pdf\">https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/la-seguridad\/21834.pdf<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> La inc\u00f3gnita de la paz total \u00bfQu\u00e9 hacer con los gaitanistas? Informe sobre Am\u00e9rica Latina # 105. Grupo Internacional de Crisis. 2024:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/es\/latin-america-caribbean\/andes\/colombia\/105-unsolved-crime-total-peace-dealing-colombias-gaitanistas\"><span dir=\"auto\">https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/es\/latin-america-caribbean\/andes\/colombia\/105-unsolved-crime-total-peace-dealing-colombias-gaitanistas<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> La mec\u00e1nica del retroceso democr\u00e1tico. Adam Przeworski. INE. 2023:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ine.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/La-mecanica-del-retroceso-democratico.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ine.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/La-mecanica-del-retroceso-democratico.pdf<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> La violencia despu\u00e9s del Acuerdo de paz. \u00bfC\u00f3mo es hoy (y c\u00f3mo ser\u00e1) la guerra en Colombia? Trejos, L. y Badillo, R. FESCOL. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/kolumbien\/22264.pdf\">https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/kolumbien\/22264.pdf<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> M\u00e1s pruebas de que este realmente es el fin de la historia. El Atl\u00e1ntico. Fukuyama, F. 2022:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2022\/10\/francis-fukuyama-still-end-history\/671761\/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=share\"><span dir=\"auto\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2022\/10\/francis-fukuyama-still-end-history\/671761\/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=share<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Paz total. Los grupos armados ganan con cara y con sello. FIP. 2024:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ideaspaz.org\/publicaciones\/investigaciones-analisis\/2024-02\/paz-total-los-grupos-armados-ganan-con-cara-y-con-sello\"><span dir=\"auto\">https:\/\/ideaspaz.org\/publicaciones\/investigaciones-analisis\/2024-02\/paz-total-los-grupos-armados-ganan-con-cara-y-con-sello<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>\u00bfQu\u00e9 sabemos sobre el tercer ciclo de violencia en Colombia? Guti\u00e9rrez, F. CAPAZ. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituto-capaz.org\/que-sabemos-sobre-el-tercer-ciclo-de-violencia-en-colombia\/\">https:\/\/www.instituto-capaz.org\/que-sabemos-sobre-el-tercer-ciclo-de-violencia-en-colombia\/<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><b>\u00b7<\/b> Retos de la seguridad ciudadana en el marco de la Paz Total. El caso del distrito de Barranquilla. Janiel Melamed. CAPAZ. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituto-capaz.org\/48684\/\">https:\/\/www.instituto-capaz.org\/48684\/<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Riesgo pol\u00edtico. Am\u00e9rica Latina. Centro UC, Estudios Internacionales, CEIUC. 2025:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/centroestudiosinternacionales.uc.cl\/publicaciones\/publicaciones-ceiuc\/6865-riesgo-politico-america-latina-2025\">https:\/\/centroestudiosinternacionales.uc.cl\/publicaciones\/publicaciones-ceiuc\/6865-riesgo-politico-america-latina-2025<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Seguimiento a indicadores de seguridad y resultados operacionales. Junio 2025. Mindefensa. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mindefensa.gov.co\/defensa-y-seguridad\/datos-y-cifras\/informacion-estadistica\">https:\/\/www.mindefensa.gov.co\/defensa-y-seguridad\/datos-y-cifras\/informacion-estadistica<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Tendencias de la seguridad en Am\u00e9rica del Sur. Aguirre, M y Frederic, S. FES. 2024:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/la-seguridad\/21050.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/la-seguridad\/21050.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Un nuevo modelo de ej\u00e9rcito. Wagstaff, J. FMI. 2023:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/es\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2023\/12\/Case-Studies-New-model-army-Jeremy-Wagstaff\"><span dir=\"auto\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/es\/Publications\/fandd\/issues\/2023\/12\/Case-Studies-New-model-army-Jeremy-Wagstaff<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Una mesa con el Clan. Aportes en medio de una negociaci\u00f3n incierta. FIP. 2024:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.ideaspaz.org\/documents\/fip_clandelgolfo_final.pdf\">https:\/\/storage.ideaspaz.org\/documents\/fip_clandelgolfo_final.pdf<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>&#8230; &#8230; &#8230;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de Colombia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> C\u00f3digo de Seguridad y Convivencia Ciudadana.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>Sentencia C 082 de 2018. Principio de exclusividad de la Fuerza P\u00fablica -uso de la fuerza-. Corte Constitucional. 2018:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteconstitucional.gov.co\/relatoria\/2018\/c-082-18.htm\">https:\/\/www.corteconstitucional.gov.co\/relatoria\/2018\/c-082-18.htm<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>Sentencia C 128 de 2018. Participaci\u00f3n de la Polic\u00eda Nacional en actividades que involucran aglomeraciones de p\u00fablico complejas. Corte Constitucional. 2018:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteconstitucional.gov.co\/relatoria\/2018\/c-128-18.htm\">https:\/\/www.corteconstitucional.gov.co\/relatoria\/2018\/c-128-18.htm<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <\/span>Sentencia T 107 de 2025. Derecho fundamental a la seguridad personal. Corte Constitucional. 2025:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteconstitucional.gov.co\/relatoria\/2025\/t-107-25.htm\">https:\/\/www.corteconstitucional.gov.co\/relatoria\/2025\/t-107-25.htm<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/\"><strong>Blog de Jairo Libreros<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sistema de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en seguridad y defensa nacional Universidad Externado de Colombia \u00b7 Departamento de Derecho Constitucional Especializaci\u00f3n en Defensa y Seguridad <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,96],"tags":[54,90,97,64,53,39],"aioseo_notices":[],"class_list":["post-4227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jairo-libreros","category-universidad-externado","tag-comunicacion-politica","tag-seguridad-y-defensa-nacional","tag-inteligencia-estrategica","tag-politica-internacional","tag-politicas-publicas","tag-seguridad-ciudadana"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4227"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4227"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4581,"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4227\/revisions\/4581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jairolibreros.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}